Progressive Movement

Progressive Movement
Progressive Movement
 
[prəʊ'gresɪv 'muːvmənt], in den USA etwa 1900-17 eine beide große Parteien erfassende heterogene Reformbewegung, die frühere Reformbewegungen (u. a. Populist Party, Frauenwahlrechtsbewegung) aufnahm. Ausgelöst durch die Gesellschaftskritik der Muckrakers und von Politikern wie T. Roosevelt, W. Wilson, R. M. La Follette und G. W. Norris (* 1861, ✝ 1944) aufgegriffen, erstrebte das Progressive Movement die Abwendung vom Laissez-faire-Prinzip und setzte sich v. a. für stärkere Kontrolle und Effizienz der politischen Verwaltung sowie die Bewältigung der durch Industrialisierung, Einwanderung und Verstädterung ausgelösten Probleme ein. Kampf gegen die Korruption und konkrete Reformen wie Arbeitsschutz, Demokratisierung des öffentlichen Lebens (u. a. Direktwahl der Senatoren), Stadtsanierung, Naturschutz, öffentliche Kontrolle über Unternehmenszusammenschlüsse und die Reorganisation des Bankwesens (Federal Reserve Act, 1913) bildeten den Kern des Programms. 1912 spaltete sich unter Roosevelt die Progressive Party (auch bekannt als Bull Moose Party) von der Republican Party ab, was in den Präsidentschaftswahlen dem Demokraten Wilson zum Sieg verhalf; die Partei löste sich nach 1916 auf. Als Führer einer weiteren Progressive Party erlangte La Follette 1924 4,8 Mio. Wählerstimmen, jedoch konnte sich weder diese noch eine gleichnamige Bewegung 1948, als deren Präsidentschaftskandidat H. A. Wallace auftrat, dauerhaft als Partei etablieren.

Universal-Lexikon. 2012.

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